Bible genealogy chart

Bible Genealogy of Jacob and the Twelve Tribes

Jacob's sons become the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, making his family central to the Old Testament story.

Biblical Context

Jacob, renamed Israel, has twelve sons whose descendants become Israel's tribal structure. Genesis does not present this family as tidy or ideal, but God works through it to form a people.

Visual Genealogy Chart

This tree presents Jacob's sons as the tribal heads of Israel. Later tribal inheritance can be more complex, especially with Joseph's sons Ephraim and Manasseh, but Genesis 35 gives the core family list.

Main lineRoyal lineTribeSide branch
Root
Jacob / Israel+
Leah, Rachel, Bilhah, and Zilpah
line continues
Tribe
Reuben

Son of Leah

Tribe
Simeon

Son of Leah

Tribe
Levi

Son of Leah

Descendant
Judah

Son of Leah; royal line later follows Judah

Tribe
Dan

Son of Bilhah

Tribe
Naphtali

Son of Bilhah

Tribe
Gad

Son of Zilpah

Tribe
Asher

Son of Zilpah

Tribe
Issachar

Son of Leah

Tribe
Zebulun

Son of Leah

Tribe

Son of Rachel

line continues
Descendant
Ephraim

Joseph's son adopted into Israel's tribal inheritance

Descendant
Manasseh

Joseph's son adopted into Israel's tribal inheritance

Tribe
Benjamin

Son of Rachel

Side branch
Dinah

Daughter of Leah

Themes to Notice

  • The twelve tribes of Israel
  • Family conflict and promise
  • Judah and Joseph as major lines
  • Israel as a family before a nation

Key KJV Genealogy Verses

Genesis 35:23

The sons of Leah; Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun:

Read Genesis 35

Genesis 35:24

The sons of Rachel; Joseph, and Benjamin:

Read Genesis 35

Genesis 35:25

And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel’s handmaid; Dan, and Naphtali:

Read Genesis 35

Genesis 35:26

And the sons of Zilpah, Leah’s handmaid; Gad, and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, which were born to him in Padan-aram.

Read Genesis 35

Genesis 49:28

All these are the twelve tribes of Israel: and this is it that their father spake unto them, and blessed them; every one according to his blessing he blessed them.

Read Genesis 49

Questions about Jacob and the Twelve Tribes

Who were the twelve sons of Jacob?

Jacob's sons were Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin.

Why are Jacob's sons important?

Their descendants become the twelve tribes of Israel.

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